Compositions of early Islamic glass along the Iranian Silk Road

The composition of archaeological glass reflects the geochemical nature its raw materials. To determine origins and distribution early Islamic glasses from Iran, a set 169 samples five different sites was analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) 58 elements. were classified into six plant ash groups, three which attributed to Mesopotamian origin, while further groups are presumed represent regional Iranian productions. ratios MgO/CaO K2O/P2O5 reflect variations in component. Minor elements Cr, Ti, Zr, La Th their proved effective distinguishing base types. Mapping frequency across plateau revealed relative movement likely source areas. decline types with elevated Cr/La east Zagros Mountain range confirms that together an augmentation magnesium levels features production apparently inherited environment Euphrates Tigris river valleys. Some exceptionally clean made quartz-rich silica low accessory minerals consistent ninth-century Samarra, evidently traded widely along Silk Road network. No evidence local detected Nishapur. produced source, high thorium but zirconium contents resulting Th/Zr ratios. Aluminium concentrations tend increase west east, highest values found among assemblages Central Asia.